Therapeutic effects of propolis, royal jelly, ostrich oil, and Aloe vera on cutaneous Leishmaniasis lesions in a laboratory model

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Parasitology and mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. & lecturer in; the Department of Parasitology and mycology, School of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 2Department of Parasitology & Mycology, Faculty of medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran

3 Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, England

4 Department of Parasitology and mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

6 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

7 Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

8 Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

9 Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

 In recent decades, effective herbal and natural compounds have been formulated with topical application, reduced side effects, and more economic benefits for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) treatment. Some of these include Propolis, Royal jelly, Ostrich oil, and Aloe Vera, which have widespread use in health products. The study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of a prepared topical combination, including Propolis, Royal jelly, Ostrich oil, and Aloe Vera, on Leishmania major lesions under an in vivo model in BALB/c (concatenation of Bagg and Albino) mice. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups of ten. CL lesions were induced by inoculation of metacyclic promastigotes at the base of the BALB/c mice's tails. The resulting lesions were treated topically with prepared natural combinations of Propolis, Royal jelly, Ostrich oil, and Aloe Vera. The lesion sizes were determined as the mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni correction method was used for statistical analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Based on the data of this research, comparative ulcer size reductions were 63.4% (3.25 mm ± 0.24), 68.4% (3.55 mm ± 0.22), and 8.5% (0.44 mm ± 0.98) for the natural combination treatment 1, treatment 2, and Glucantime, respectively. Based on the results, the proposed natural combinations were significantly more effective at reducing ulcer size than Glucantime, the standard drug (p<0.05). Collectively, we conclude that a combination consisting of Propolis, Royal jelly, Aloe Vera, and ostrich oil is effective in treating CL in mice and may provide a new agent in the treatment of Leishmaniasis.

Keywords

References

AFSHAR, M., GHADERI, R., ZARDAST, M. & DELSHAD, P. 2016. Effects of topical emu oil on burn wounds in the skin of Balb/c mice. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2016.
AHMED, S., AHMAD, M., SWAMI, B. L. & IKRAM, S. 2016. A review on plants extracts mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: a green expertise. Journal of advanced research, 7, 17-28.
AHN, M.-R., KUMAZAWA, S., HAMASAKA, T., BANG, K.-S. & NAKAYAMA, T. 2004. Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of Korea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7286-7292.
AKSOY, T., SIVCAN, E., DOGAN, F., CETIN, S. and YAR, T.M. 2020. Investigation of anti-leishmanial effects of bee products (Honey, Propolis) on leishmania tropica promastigotes. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 54(3), pp.479-489.
ARONSON, N., HERWALDT, B. L., LIBMAN, M., PEARSON, R., LOPEZ-VELEZ, R., WEINA, P., CARVALHO, E. M., EPHROS, M., JERONIMO, S. & MAGILL, A. 2016. Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clinical infectious diseases, 63, e202-e264.
ATTARZADEH, Y., ASILIAN, A., SHAHMORADI, Z.& ADIBI, N. 2013. Comparing the efficacy of Emu oil with clotrimazole and hydrocortisone in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: a clinical trial. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 18, 477.
BADIRZADEH, A., NAJM, M., HEMPHILL, A., ALIPOUR, M., HASSANPOUR, H., MASOORI, L. and KARIMI, P. 2022. Effects of negative air ions (NAIs) on Leishmania major: A novel tool for treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). PloS one, 17, p.e0274124.
BAMROVAT, M., SHARIFI, I., TAVAKOLI OLIAEE, R., JAFARZADEH A.  and KHOSRAVI, A. 2021. Determinants of unresponsiveness to treatment in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a focus on anthroponotic form due to Leishmania tropica. Frontiers in Microbiology, p.1143.
BROWN, H. L., ROBERTS, A. E. L., COOPER, R. & JENKINS, R. 2016. A review of selected bee products as potential anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral agents.
CUNHA, B.C., DE MIRANDA, M.B., AFONSO, L.C.C., ABREU, S.R.L., TESTASICCA, M.C.D.S., DA SILVA, G.R. and DE MOURA, S.A.L. 2020. Brazilian green propolis hydroalcoholic extract as a therapeutic adjuvant to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 10, pp.124-132.
DANTASSILVA, R.P., MACHADO, B.A.S., BARRETO, G.D.A., COSTA, S.S., ANDRADE, L.N., AMARAL, R.G., CARVALHO, A.A., PADILHA, F.F., ARBOSA, J.D.V. and UMSZA-GUEZ, M.A. 2017.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic properties of various Brazilian propolis extracts. Plos one, 12, 172585.
DIBA, K., MOUSAVI, B., MAHMOUDI, M. & HASHEMI, J. 2010. In-vitro anti-fungal activity of Propolis alcoholic extract on Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Tehran University Medical Journal, 68.
FARAHNEJAD, Z., GHAZANFARI, T.& NOORIFARD, M. 2012. Immunomodulatory effects of Aloe Vera on of the fungus Candida Albicans in animal model. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research, 10.
FERNANDES JR, A., SUGIZAKI, M., FOGO, M., FUNARI, S. & LOPES, C. 1995. In vitro activity of propolis against bacterial and yeast pathogens isolated from human infections. Journal of venomous Animals and Toxins, 1, 63- 69.
GRANGE, J. & DAVEY, R. 1990. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 83, 159-160.
SHAMSI, H., MINOO, S., YAKHCHALI, M., AKBARZADEH, M., RAOUFI, N., TAVAKOLI, M., DASTGHEIB, M., DASTGHEIB, M.  2019.  The antileishmanial activity of Aloe vera leaf exudates: in vitro and in vivo. Iranian Journal of Dermatology, 22, pp.18-24.
HATTORI, N., NOMOTO, H., FUKUMITSU, H., MISHIMA, S. & FURUKAWA, S. 2007. Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Biomedical research, 28, 261-266.
ITO, S., NITTA, Y., FUKUMITSU, H., SOUMIYA, H., IKENO, K., NAKAMURA, T. & FURUKAWA, S. 2012. Antidepressant-like activity of 10-hydroxy-trans-2- decenoic acid, a unique unsaturated fatty acid of royal jelly, in stress-inducible depression-like mouse model. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.
KIDERLEN, A. F., KAYSER, O., FERREIRA, D. & KOLODZIEJ, H. 2001. Tannins and related compounds: killing of amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and release of nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor a in macrophages in vitro. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 56, 444-454.
LIU, X., CHEN, T., LIU, X., CHEN, Y. & WANG, L. Penetration effect of ostrich oil as a promising vehicle on transdermal delivery of sinomenine. Journal of oleo science, 62, 657-664.
LOPEZ, A., SIMS, D. E., ABLETT, R., SKINNER, R., LEGER, L., LARIVIERE, C., JAMIESON, L., MARTíNEZ-BURNES, J. & ZAWADZKA, G. 1999. Effect of emu oil on auricular inflammation induced with croton oil in mice. American journal of veterinary research, 60, 1558- 1561.
MAENTHAISONG, R., CHAIYAKUNAPRUK, N., NIRUNTRAPORN, S. & KONGKAEW, C. 2007. The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. burns, 33, 713-718.
MAHMOUDI, M., MOHEBALI, M., IRANDOUST, H., HEJAZI, S., ABDOLI, H., SHIRANI-BIDABADI, L., MOAATAR, F., CHAREHDAR, S., SHAREGHI, N. & AKHAVAN, A. 2009. Therapeutic effects of propolis hydroalcoholic extract in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balb/c. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 6, 19-26.
MARIMUTHU ALIAS ANTONISAMY, J., T, R. J. J. M., S, N. B., S, L. R., G, A. & T, R. J. J. E. 2012. Anti- bacterial and antifungal activity of aloe vera gel extract. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 3, 184-187.
MARQUELE, F. D., DI MAMBRO, V. M., GEORGETTI, S. R., CASAGRANDE, R., VALIM, Y. M. & FONSECA, M. J. V. 2005. Assessment of the antioxidant activities of Brazilian extracts of propolis alone and in topical pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 39, 455-462.
MASHTOUB, S. 2017. Potential therapeutic applications for emu oil. Lipid Technology, 29, 28-31.
MEENA, A., KANDALE, A., RAO, M., PANDA, P. & KAUR, K. 2010. A Review on Leishmaniasis and treatment with natural drugs. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 1, 1-5.
NAKAYA, M., ONDA, H., SASAKI, K., YUKIYOSHI, A., TACHIBANA, H. & YAMADA, K.2007. Effect of royal jelly on bisphenol A-induced proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71, 253-255.
NICHOLAS, R., BERRY, V., HUNTER, P. A. & KELLY, J. A. 1999. The antifungal activity of mupirocin.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 43, 579-582.
NILFOROUSHZADEH, M., SHIRANI-BIDABADI, L., ZOLFAGHARI-BAGHBADERANI, A., SABERI, S., SIADAT, A. & MAHMOUDI, M. 2008. Comparison of Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) and propolis hydroalcoholic extracts versus systemic glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in balb/c mice. J Vector Borne Dis, 45, 301-6.
NOORI, A., AL-GHAMDI, A., ANSARI, M. J., AL-ATTAL, Y. & SALOM, K. 2012. Synergistic effects of honey and propolis toward drug multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans isolates in single and polymicrobial cultures. International journal of medical sciences, 9, 793.
PARK, H. M., CHO, M. H., CHO, Y. & KIM, S. Y.2012. Royal jelly increases collagen production in rat skin after ovariectomy. Journal of medicinal food, 15, 568-575.
POOVELIKUNNEL, T.,   GETHIN, G.& HUMPHREYS, H. 2015. Mupirocin resistance: clinical implications and potential alternatives for the eradication of MRSA. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70, 2681- 2692.
SABERI, S., MAHMOUDI, M., MOSAVI, Z., ARJMAND, R. & HEJAZI, S. H. 2013. Study on inhibitory activity of propolis alcoholic extract on opportunist fungi of candida in vitro. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.
SABERI, R., ZADEH, A.G., AFSHAR, M.J.A., FAKHAR, M., KEIGHOBADI, M., MOHTASEBI, S. and RAHIMI-ESBOEI, B., 2021. In vivo anti-leishmanial activity of concocted herbal topical preparation against Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Annals of Parasitology, 67, pp.483-488.
SENA-LOPES, A., BEZERRA, F. S. B., DAS NEVES, R. N., DE PINHO, R. B., SILVA, M. T. D. O., SAVEGNAGO, L., COLLARES, T., SEIXAS, F., BEGNINI, K. & HENRIQUES, J. A. P. 2018. Chemical composition, immunostimulatory, cytotoxic and antiparasitic activities of the essential oil from Brazilian red propolis. PLoS One, 13, e0191797.
SFORCIN, J., KANENO, R. & FUNARI, S. 2002. Absence of seasonal effect on the immunomodulatory action of Brazilian propolis on natural killer activity. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins, 8, 19-29.
SFORCIN, J. M., FERNANDES JúNIOR, A., LOPES, C., FUNARI, S. & BANKOVA, V. 2001. Seasonal effect of Brazilian propolis on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins, 7, 139- 144.
SHAHZAD, M. N. & AHMED, N. 2013. Effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel compared with 1% silver sulphadiazine cream as burn wound dressing in second degree burns. J Pak Med Assoc, 63, 225-30.
SHIRANI-BIDABADI, L., MAHMOUDI, M., SABERI, S., ZOLFAGHARI-BAGHBADERANI, A., NILFOROUSHZADEH, M., ABDOLI, H., MOATAR, F. & HEJAZI, S. 2009. The effectiveness of mix extracts of Thyme, Yarrow and Propolis on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a comparative study in animal model (Balb/c). Tehran University Medical Journal, 66, 785-790.
SILICI, S. & KUTLUCA, S.  2005.  Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of propolis collected by three different races of honeybees in the same region. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 99, 69-73.
TAKEDA, K., NAGAMATSU, K. & OKUMURA, K.2018. A water-soluble derivative of propolis augments the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 218, 51-58.
TAVAKOLI, P., SHADDEL, M., YAKHCHALI, M., RAOUFI, N., SHAMSI, H. and DASTGHEIB, M. 2020.
Antileishmanial effects of propolis against Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research, 18.
WEAVER, M. & WEAVER, B. 2003. Draper's super bee apiaries-A unique Pennsylvania beekeeping business. American Bee Journal, 143, 459-463.
ZEMSTOV, A., GADDIS, M. & MONTALVO‐LUGO, V. M. 1996. Moisturizing and cosmetic properties of emu oil: a pilot double blind study. Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 37, 159-162.
ZAHEDIFARD, F., LEE, H., NO, J.H., SALIMI, M., SEYED, N., ASOODEH, A. and RAFATI, S. 2020. Comparative study of different forms of Jellein antimicrobial peptide on Leishmania parasite. Experimental parasitology, 209, p.107823.
Microbiology, Metabolites and Biotechnology
Volume 5, Issue 1
June 2022
Pages 1-11

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics